Week 9 Agile SDLC Frameworks

Key Agile SDLC Frameworks Covered:

• SAFe Agile (Scaled Agile Framework)
• LeSS (Large Scale Scrum)
• Scrum@Scale
• DevOps
• Lean Software Development

SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework):

• Definition: A framework for scaling Agile across large organizations.
• Levels:
  • Essential SAFe: Core principles for Agile development.
  • Large Solution SAFe: Scaling across multiple teams/solutions.
  • Portfolio SAFe: Scaling across portfolios.
  • Full SAFe: Comprehensive, organization-wide Agile scaling.
• Benefits:
  • Empowers teams, promotes continuous delivery, scalable structure for large enterprises.

LeSS (Large Scale Scrum):

• Definition: A framework for scaling Scrum, simplifying traditional Scrum ceremonies for large teams.
• Key Features:
  • Single Product Backlog.
  • One Product Owner and one Shippable Product Increment after each sprint.
  • Multi-team Sprint Planning and Overall Retrospective for multiple teams.
• Benefits:
  • Streamlined, system-wide thinking, single backlog, and lower complexity.

Scrum@Scale:

• Definition: A framework to manage multiple Scrum teams working on prioritized goals.
• Key Features:
  • Scrum Master Cycle: Focuses on how things get done.
  • Product Owner Cycle: Focuses on what needs to be done.
  • Scrum of Scrums (SoS): Larger Scrum team managing multiple teams, with scaled Daily Scrums and Sprint Retrospectives.
  • Executive Action Team (EAT): Oversees Scrum implementation across the organization.

DevOps:

• Definition: Combines development and operations to improve the integration and delivery of software.
• Key Points:
  • Focus on collaboration between development and operations teams.
  • DevOps Lifecycle: Includes stages like Discover, Plan, Build, Test, Deploy, Operate, and Continuous Feedback.
  • Works with Agile for continuous delivery and adaptation to change.

Lean Software Development:

• Definition: Applies Lean manufacturing principles to software development.
• 7 Principles:
  1. Eliminate waste.
  2. Build in quality (e.g., test-driven development).
  3. Amplify learning.
  4. Delay commitment.
  5. Deliver fast.
  6. Respect people.
  7. Optimize the whole.
• Key Practices:
  • Remove unnecessary code, maximize customer value, enhance efficiency, and focus on continuous improvement.

主要涵盖的敏捷SDLC框架：

• SAFe 敏捷（Scaled Agile Framework）
• LeSS（大规模Scrum）
• Scrum@Scale
• DevOps
• 精益软件开发

SAFe（Scaled Agile Framework，规模化敏捷框架）：

• 定义：一个用于在大型组织中扩展敏捷开发的框架。
• 层级：
  • Essential SAFe（基础SAFe）：敏捷开发的核心原则。
  • Large Solution SAFe（大解决方案SAFe）：跨多个团队或解决方案扩展敏捷。
  • Portfolio SAFe（投资组合SAFe）：跨投资组合扩展敏捷。
  • Full SAFe（完整SAFe）：最全面的敏捷扩展，适用于整个组织。
• 优势：
  • 授权团队，促进持续交付，为大型企业提供可扩展结构。

LeSS（大规模Scrum）：

• 定义：一种扩展Scrum的框架，简化了传统Scrum的复杂性，适用于大型团队。
• 关键特点：
  • 单一 产品待办列表（Product Backlog）。
  • 一个 产品负责人 和每次冲刺后一个 可交付产品增量。
  • 多团队冲刺规划 和 整体回顾 涉及多个团队。
• 优势：
  • 精简，系统性思考，单一待办列表，降低复杂性。

Scrum@Scale：

• 定义：一个用于管理多个Scrum团队以实现优先目标的框架。
• 关键特点：
  • Scrum Master循环：关注“如何”完成工作。
  • 产品负责人循环：关注“需要做什么”。
  • Scrum of Scrums (SoS)：管理多个团队的更大Scrum团队，具有扩展的每日Scrum和冲刺回顾。
  • 执行行动团队 (EAT)：监督Scrum在整个组织中的实施。

DevOps：

• 定义：将开发和运维相结合，以提高软件集成和交付的效率。
• 关键点：
  • 强调开发和运维团队之间的协作。
  • DevOps生命周期：包括发现、规划、构建、测试、部署、操作和持续反馈等阶段。
  • 与敏捷结合，实现持续交付和快速适应变化。

精益软件开发（Lean Software Development）：

• 定义：将精益制造原则应用于软件开发。
• 7个原则：
  1. 消除浪费。
  2. 内建质量（如测试驱动开发）。
  3. 放大学习。
  4. 延迟承诺。
  5. 快速交付。
  6. 尊重个人。
  7. 优化整体。
• 关键实践：
  • 删除不必要的代码，最大化客户价值，提高效率，专注于持续改进。

Week 10 Contracts, Outsourcing, and Procurement

Outsourcing:

• Definition: Engaging external parties to perform tasks or produce goods typically handled in-house.
• Types:
  • Onshoring: Within national borders.
  • Nearshoring: To nearby countries (e.g., New Zealand, Indonesia).
  • Offshoring: Anywhere globally, regardless of time zones.
• Pros:
  • Access to specialized skills, 24/7 operations, cost-saving potential, better technology, flexibility, risk mitigation.
• Cons:
  • Loss of control, security risks, cultural/language challenges, potential ethical issues (e.g., labor practices).

Procurement:

• Definition: External sourcing of products or services for a project.
• Stages:
  1. Plan: Stakeholder consultation, supply market analysis, risk assessment.
  2. Source: Engaging suppliers for value-driven outcomes.
  3. Manage: Ongoing supplier relationship management to ensure contract fulfillment.
• Sourcing:
  • RFx process (Request for Bid/Proposal/Tender/Quote).
  • Key in creating a detailed Statement of Work (SOW).
• Evaluation:
  • Teams review bids based on criteria (technical, management, price, past performance).
  • Finalize with Best and Final Offer (BAFO) and negotiate.

Contracts:

• Definition: A binding agreement between buyer and seller, outlining obligations and deliverables.
• Types:
  • Fixed Price: Set total price for a well-defined product/service.
  • Time and Materials: Payment based on time and resources used.
• Key Clauses:
  • Intellectual property, milestones, quality criteria, change management, penalties, and warranties.

This should help you with quick revision on key topics!

外包 (Outsourcing):

• 定义：通过合同形式，外包给外部机构执行任务或生产产品，这些任务通常由公司内部员工完成。
• 外包类型：
  • 国内外包 (Onshoring)：在国家边界内重新分配活动。
  • 邻近外包 (Nearshoring)：将活动分配到邻近国家（如新西兰、印尼）。
  • 离岸外包 (Offshoring)：无论地理位置或时区，将活动分配到其他国家。
• 优点：
  • 获取稀缺技能，24/7运行，降低成本，访问更好的技术，灵活性，降低风险（如敏捷项目管理）。
• 缺点：
  • 失去控制，供应链分散，安全问题，员工危机感，文化和语言障碍，可能的伦理问题（如劳动条件）。

采购 (Procurement):

• 定义：从外部采购项目所需的产品或服务。
• 采购管理过程：
  1. 计划：与利益相关方沟通，分析市场，评估风险。
  2. 采购：选择供应商，确保物有所值，避免不正当竞争。
  3. 管理：持续管理供应商，确保合同执行。
• 采购方式：
  • RFx流程（询价、招标、提案等）。
  • 关键在于制定详细的工作说明书 (Statement of Work, SOW)。
• 评估：
  • 根据技术、管理、价格、过去表现等标准进行评估，最后选择最优供应商并进行谈判。

合同 (Contracts):

• 定义：买卖双方之间具有约束力的协议，明确责任和交付成果。
• 合同类型：
  • 固定价格合同：为明确的产品或服务设定固定价格。
  • 时间和材料合同：根据工作时间和使用的资源支付。
• 关键条款：
  • 知识产权、里程碑、质量标准、变更管理、违约罚款及担保条款。